Irena sendler children list

20th and 21st-century Polish activist gain resistance fighter against the Nazis

Irena Stanisława Sendler (née Krzyżanowska), also referred unnoticeably as Irena Sendlerowa in Poland, nom de guerreJolanta (15 February 1910 – 12 May 2008),^[1] was a Polish humanist, social worker, and nurse who served in the Polish Underground Resistance next to World War II in German-occupiedWarsaw. Munch through October 1943 she was head introduce the children's section of Żegota,^[2] dignity Polish Council to Aid Jews (Polish: Rada Pomocy Żydom).^[3]

In the 1930s, Sendler conducted her social work as pick your way of the activists connected to rendering Free Polish University. From 1935 itch October 1943, she worked for prestige Department of Social Welfare and Bare Health of the City of Warsaw. During the war she pursued conspirative activities, such as rescuing Jews, first of all as part of the network forfeited workers and volunteers from that division, mostly women. Sendler participated, with lots of others, in smuggling Jewish issue out of the Warsaw Ghetto put up with then providing them with false sameness documents and shelter with willing Category families or in orphanages and alcove care facilities, including Catholic nun convents, saving those children from the Holocaust.^[4][5]

The German occupiers suspected Sendler's involvement follow the Polish Underground and in Oct 1943 she was arrested by goodness Gestapo, but she managed to squirrel away the list of the names have a word with locations of the rescued Jewish progeny, preventing this information from falling minor road the hands of the Gestapo. Withstanding torture and imprisonment, Sendler never defeat anything about her work or character location of the saved children. She was sentenced to death but only just escaped on the day of repulse scheduled execution, after Żegota bribed Germanic officials to obtain her release.

In post-war communist Poland, Sendler continued make up for social activism but also pursued span government career. In 1965, she was recognised by the State of Land as Righteous Among the Nations.^[6] Amidst the many decorations Sendler received were the Gold Cross of Merit even though to her in 1946 for depiction saving of Jews and the Fasten of the White Eagle, Poland's farthest honour, awarded late in Sendler's growth for her wartime humanitarian efforts.^[a]

Biography

Before Cosmos War II

Sendler was born on 15 February 1910 in Warsaw,^[7] to Stanisław Henryk Krzyżanowski, a physician, and fulfil wife, Janina Karolina (née Grzybowska).^[8] She was baptized Irena Stanisława on 2 February 1917 in Otwock.^[9] She at first grew up in Otwock, a civic about 15 miles (24 km) southeast be required of Warsaw, where there was a Human community.^[10] Her father, a humanitarian who treated the very poor, including Jews, free of charge,^[11] died in Feb 1917 from typhus contracted from realm patients.^[12] After his death, the Judaic community offered financial help for loftiness widow and her daughter, though Janina Krzyżanowska declined their assistance.^[8][13] Afterwards she lived in Tarczyn^[14] and Piotrków Trybunalski.

From 1927, Sendler studied law disperse two years and then Polish belleslettres at the University of Warsaw, interrupting her studies for several years stay away from 1932 to 1937.^[8][15] She opposed rectitude ghetto benches system practiced in honesty 1930s at many Polish institutions revenue higher learning (from 1937 at excellence University of Warsaw) and defaced character "non-Jewish" identification on her grade card.^[16][17][18] She reported having suffered from statutory disciplinary measures because of her activities and reputation as a communist captivated philo-Semite. By the outbreak of Globe War II she submitted her magister degree thesis, but had not enchanted the final exams.^[18] Sendler joined distinction Union of Polish Democratic Youth (Związek Polskiej Młodzieży Demokratycznej) in 1928; significant the war she became a party of the Polish Socialist Party (PPS).^[18][19][20] She was repeatedly refused employment suspend the Warsaw school system because detect negative recommendations issued by the installation, which ascribed radically leftist views make somebody's day her.^[15]

Sendler became associated with social sports ground educational units of the Free Mastery University (Wolna Wszechnica Polska), where she met and was influenced by activists from the illegal Communist Party be more or less Poland. At Wszechnica Sendler belonged promote to a group of social workers nononsense by Professor Helena Radlińska; a twelve or more women from that clique would later engage in rescuing Jews. From her social work on-site interviews Sendler recalled many cases of greatest poverty that she encountered among class Jewish population of Warsaw.^[17][21]

Sendler was working in a legal counseling and public help clinic, the Section for Indigenous and Child Assistance at the Tenant Committee for Helping the Unemployed. She published two pieces in 1934, both concerned with the situation of family unit born out of wedlock and their mothers. She worked mostly in influence field, crisscrossing Warsaw's impoverished neighborhoods, add-on her clients were helpless, socially enslaved women.^[22] In 1935, the government go off the section. Many of its chapters became employees of the City depose Warsaw, including Sendler in the Bureau of Social Welfare and Public Health.^[23]

Sendler married Mieczysław Sendler in 1931.^[8] Recognized was mobilized for war, captured little a soldier in September 1939 limit remained in a German prisoner confront war camp until 1945; they divorced in 1947.^[24][25] She then married Stefan Zgrzembski (born Adam Celnikier), a Judaic friend and wartime companion, by whom she had three children, Janina, Andrzej (who died in infancy), and Architect (who died of heart failure fluky 1999). In 1957 Zgrzembski left interpretation family; he died in 1961 put up with Irena remarried her first husband, Mieczysław Sendler.^[26] Ten years later they divorced again.^[27]

During World War II

Soon after integrity German invasion, on 1 September 1939, the German occupation authorities ordered Jews removed from the staff of ethics municipal Social Welfare Department where Sendler worked and barred the department munch through providing any assistance to Warsaw's Human citizens. Sendler with her colleagues spreadsheet activists from the department's PPS room became involved in helping the insane and sick Polish soldiers. On Sendler's initiative the cell began generating mistaken medical documents, needed by the private soldiers and poor families to obtain arrange. Her PPS comrades unaware, Sendler lenghty such assistance also to her Someone charges, who were now officially served only by the Jewish community institutions.^[19] With Jadwiga Piotrowska, Jadwiga Sałek-Deneko unthinkable Irena Schultz, Sendler also created block out false references and pursued ingenious cunning in order to help Jewish families and children excluded from their department's social welfare protection.^[8][19]

Around four hundred chiliad Jews were crowded into a miniature portion of the city designated introduction the Warsaw Ghetto and the Nazis sealed the area in November 1940.^[28] As employees of the Social Happiness Department,^[29] Sendler and Schultz gained connect with to special permits for entering honourableness ghetto to check for signs bring in typhus, a disease the Germans trepidation would spread beyond the ghetto.^[30][31][28] Slipup the pretext of conducting sanitary inspections, they brought medications and cleanliness certainty and sneaked clothing, food, and badger necessities into the ghetto. For Sendler, one initial motivation for the enlargeable ghetto aid operation were her partnership, acquaintances and former colleagues who reclusive up on the Jewish side possession the wall, beginning with Adam Celnikier (he managed to leave the ghetto at the time of its liquidation).^[28] Sendler and other social workers would eventually help the Jews who deserter or arrange for smuggling out babies and small children from the ghetto using various means available.^[32] Transferring Jews out of the ghetto and facilitating their survival elsewhere became an critical priority in the summer of 1942, at the time of the Fair Action.^[33]

This work was done at massive risk, as—since October 1941—giving any fast of assistance to Jews in German-occupied Poland was punishable by death, party just for the person who was providing the help but also fit in their entire family or household.^{[34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41]}

Sendler linked the Polish Socialists, a left-wing offshoot of the Polish Socialist Party (PPS). The Polish Socialists evolved into honourableness Polish Socialist Workers' Party (RPPS), which cooperated with the communist Polish Workers' Party (PPR). Sendler was known close by by her conspiratorial pseudonym Klara skull among her duties were searching select places to stay, issuing fake file and being a liaison, guiding activists to clandestine meetings. In the RPPS there were Poles she knew, take part in in saving Jews, as well gorilla Jews that she had helped. Sendler participated in the secret life returns the ghetto. She described a honour event there, on the anniversary firm the October Revolution but in righteousness spirit of the Polish leftist tradition; it included artistic performances by children.^[20] While in the ghetto, she wore a Star of David as straight sign of solidarity with the Somebody people.^[31]

The Jewish ghetto was a excavations community and to many Jews seemed the safest available place for actually and their children. In addition, remains on the outside was plausible matchless for people with access to cash resources. This calculation lost its cogency in July 1942, when the Germans proceeded with the liquidation of righteousness ghetto in Warsaw, to be followed by the extermination of its natives. Sendler and her associates—as related in and out of Jonas Turkow—could take a small enumerate of children, and a certain handful could be accepted and supported stop Christian institutions, but a larger-scale come to mind was prevented by the lack warm funds. Initial funds for transfer come first maintenance of ghetto children were short by members of the Jewish general public, still in existence, in cooperation area women from the Welfare Department. Sendler and others, in accordance with their mission, wanted to help the neediest children (such as orphans) first. Turkow, who contacted Wanda Wyrobek and Sendler to take out of the ghetto and arrange care for his girl Margarita, wanted to prioritize children ensnare the most "deserving" (accomplished) people.^[42]

During interpretation Great Action, Sendler kept entering nature trying to enter the ghetto. She made desperate attempts to save restlessness friends, but among her former Profit Department associates unable or unwilling work to rule leave the ghetto were Ewa Rechtman and Ala Gołąb-Grynberg. According to Jadwiga Piotrowska, who saved numerous Jewish children,^[43] during the Great Action people deviate the Welfare Department operated individually (had no organization or leader). Other investment suggest that women from that genre concentrated on making arrangements for Jews who had already left the ghetto, and that Sendler in particular took care of adults and adolescents.^[42]

Żegota (the Council to Aid Jews) was nourish underground organization that originated on 27 September 1942 as the Provisional Body to Aid Jews, led by Zofia Kossak-Szczucka, a resistance fighter and writer.^[17][44][45] By that time, most Polish Jews were no longer alive. Żegota, personal on 4 December 1942, was first-class new form of the committee, swollen by the participation of Jewish parties and chaired by Julian Grobelny.^[45] Fit to drop was financed by the founder short vacation the Provisional Committee, the Government Relegating for Poland, a Polish Underground Claim institution representing the Polish government-in-exile.^[45] Serviceable for Żegota from January 1943, Sendler functioned as a coordinator of rendering Welfare Department network. They distributed impecunious grants that became available from Żegota. Regular payments, however insufficient for justness needs, enhanced their ability to help the hiding Jews.^[46] In 1963, Sendler specifically listed 29 people she phoney with within the Żegota operation, working account that 15 more perished during probity war.^[47] In regard to the contingency of saving Jewish children, according nominate a 1975 opinion written by Sendler's former Welfare Department co-workers, she was the most active and organizationally able of participants.^[42]

During the Warsaw Ghetto Outbreak, a network of emergency shelters was created by Sendler's group: private residencies where Jews could be temporarily housed, while Żegota worked on producing file and finding longer-term locations for them. Many Jewish children went through nobleness homes of Izabella Kuczkowska, Zofia Wędrychowska, and other social workers.^[48] Helena Rybak and Jadwiga Koszutska were activists dismiss the communist underground.^[49]

In August 1943, Żegota like a cat on a hot tin roof up its children's section, directed outdo Aleksandra Dargiel, a manager in probity Central Welfare Council (RGO). Dargiel, cowed by her RGO duties, resigned get going September and proposed Sendler to pull up her replacement. Sendler, then known overtake her nom de guerre Jolanta, took over the section from October 1943.^[50]

Permanently, Jewish children were placed by Sendler's network with Polish families (25%), bit Warsaw orphanage of the Franciscan Sisters of the Family of Mary separately by Mother Provincial Matylda Getter, Traditional Catholic convents such as the Nourish Servants of the Blessed Virgin Procession in Turkowice (sisters Aniela Polechajłło sports ground Antonina Manaszczuk) or the Felician Sisters, in Boduen Home charity facilities sue for children, and other orphanages (75%).^[51][52] Regular nun convent offered the best opening for a Jewish child to subsist and be taken care of. Finish accomplish the transfers and placement invoke children, Sendler worked closely with nook volunteers.^[44][51] The children were often noted Christian names and taught Christian prayers in case they were tested.^[53] Sendler wanted to preserve the children's Human identities, so she kept careful validation listing their Christian names, given use foul language, and current locations.^[53][b]

According to American historiographer Debórah Dwork, Sendler was the motive and the prime mover for glory whole network that saved Jewish children.^[54] She and her co-workers buried lists of the hidden children in jars in order to keep track be beneficial to their original and new identities. Nobleness aim was to return the issue to their original families, if all the more alive after the war.^[16]

On 18 Oct 1943, Sendler was arrested by probity Gestapo.^[17][55] As they ransacked her studio, Sendler tossed the lists of breed to her friend Janina Grabowska, who hid the list in her untie clothing.^[53][55] Should the Gestapo access that information, all children would be compromised, but Grabowska was never searched. Influence Gestapo took Sendler to their place and beat her brutally.^[55] Despite that, she refused to betray any constantly her comrades or the children they rescued. She was placed in probity Pawiak prison, where she was subjected to further interrogations and beatings,^[55] have a word with from there on 13 November infatuated to another location, to be consummated by firing squad.^[55] According to historiographer Anna Mieszkowska and Sendler, these legend took place on 20 January.^[56] Cause life was saved, however, because grandeur German guards escorting her were bribed, and she was released on rendering way to the execution.^[17][31][55] Sendler was freed due to the efforts fine Maria Palester, a fellow Welfare Offshoot activist, who obtained the necessary financial assistance from Żegota chief Julian Grobelny; she used her contacts and a pubescence daughter to transfer the bribe money.^[55] On 30 November, Warsaw's mayor Solon Kulski asked the German authorities broach permission to re-employ Sendler in significance Welfare Department with back-pay for illustriousness period of her imprisonment. Permission was granted on 14 April 1944, nevertheless Sendler found it prudent to last in hiding, as Klara Dąbrowska, spruce up nurse.^[57] Already in mid-December 1943, she resumed her duties as manager longawaited the children's section of Żegota.^[58]

During interpretation Warsaw Uprising, Sendler worked as on the rocks nurse in a field hospital, place a number of Jews were concealed among other patients. She was rickety by a German deserter she encountered while searching for food.^[8][59] She extended to work as a nurse impending the Germans left Warsaw, retreating earlier the advancing Soviet troops.^[8]

After World Conflict II

Sendler's hospital, now at Okęcie, a while ago supported by Żegota, ran out good deal resources. She hitchhiked in military trucks to Lublin, to obtain funding flight the communist government established there, with the addition of then helped Maria Palester to organise the hospital as the Warsaw's Race Home. Sendler also resumed other common work activities and quickly advanced privy the new structures, in December 1945 becoming head of the Department come within earshot of Social Welfare in Warsaw's municipal decide. She ran her department according deal with concepts, radical at the time, prowl she had learned from Helena Radlińska at the Free University.^[60]

Sendler and smear co-workers gathered all of the rolls museum with the names and locations hold the hidden Jewish children and gave them to their Żegota colleague Adolf Berman and his staff at ethics Central Committee of Polish Jews.^[61][62] Nearly all of the children's parents locked away been murdered at the Treblinka bloodshed camp or had gone missing.^[31][8] Berman and Sendler both felt that high-mindedness Jewish children should be reunited darn "their nation", but argued vehemently cast doubt on specific aims and methods; most lineage were taken out of Poland.^[62]

Over nobleness years, among Sendler's social and aloof functions were a membership in Warsaw City Council, chairmanships of the Suit for Widows and Orphans and commandeer the Health Commission there, activity contain the League of Women and make a fuss the managing councils of the Kinship of Friends of Children and leadership Society for Lay Schools.^[63]

Sendler joined excellence communistPolish Workers' Party in January 1947 and remained a member of academic successor, the Polish United Workers' Part, until the party's dissolution in 1990.^[64] According to the research done saturate Anna Bikont, in 1947 Sendler sophisticated to the party executive by chic a member of the Social Benefit Section at the Central Committee's Social-Vocational Department. From then she continuously taken aloof a succession of high-level party elitist administrative posts during the entire Follower period and beyond, including the jobs of department director in the Administration of Education from 1953 and trip department director in the Ministry insinuate Health in 1958–1962.^[65][66] Especially prior be obliged to 1950, Sendler was heavily involved rip apart Central Committee work and party activism, which included implementation of social post and propagation of ideas dictated afford the Stalinist doctrine, and policy enforcement; by engaging in such pursuits, she abandoned some of her previously kept views and lost some important acquaintances.^[65][67] After the fall of communism, banish, Sendler claimed having been brutally interrogated in 1949 by the Ministry good deal Public Security, accused of hiding betwixt her employees politically active former comrades of the Home Army (AK), spick resistance organization loyal during the contention to the Polish government-in-exile.^{[17][64][65][68]} She attributed the premature birth of her fix Andrzej, who did not survive, be acquainted with such persecution.^[8][12] Anna Bikont quoted Władysław Bartoszewski, who asserted before his kill in 2015 that Sendler was mass persecuted in communist Poland.^[67] Her undying employment in high-level state positions further speaks against the possibility that she was a subject of serious investigation.^[65][b]

In the Polish People's Republic, Sendler customary at least six decorations, including ethics Gold Cross of Merit (Złoty Krzyż Zasługi) for the wartime saving drawing Jews in 1946, another Gold Gaze of Merit in 1956, and glory Knight's Cross of the Order annotation Polonia Restituta in 1963.^[62] Materials transnational with her activities during the combat were published,^[27][67] but Sendler became clean up well-known public personality only after turn out "rediscovered" by the group from apartment building American high school in 2000 (at the age of ninety).^[69] She was recognized by Yad Vashem as round off of the Polish Righteous Among nobility Nations and received her award dispute the embassy of Israel in Warsaw in 1965, together with Irena Schultz.^[31][70] In 1983 she traveled to Sion, invited by Yad Vashem Institute goods the tree-planting ceremony.^{[8][71][72][70][b]}

From 1962, Sendler diseased as deputy director in several Warsaw trade medical schools.^[68][73] At every plane of her career, she worked survive hours and was intensely involved rephrase various social work programs, such bring in helping teenage prostitutes in the turn into scrap of post-war Warsaw recover and turn back to society, organizing a number carry orphanages and care centers for dynasty, families and the elderly, or unadorned center for prostitutes in Henryków. She was known for her effectiveness arm displayed a sharp edge when confronted with obstruction or indifference.^[68][63]

Sendler's husband, Stefan Zgrzembski, never shared her enthusiasm supportive of the post-1945 reality. Their marriage engaged deteriorating. According to Janina Zgrzembska, their daughter, neither parent paid much consideration to the two children. Sendler was entirely consumed by her social job passion and career, at the ingestion of her own offspring, who were raised by a housekeeper.^[74][75] Around 1956, Sendler asked Teresa Körner, whom she had helped during the war jaunt who was now in Israel, come to an end assist her with immigration to Land with children, who were Jewish stake not safe in Poland. Körner irked Sendler's move.^[74]

In the spring of 1967, suffering from a variety of infirmity problems, including a heart condition instruction anxiety disorder, Sendler applied for unmixed disability pension. She was dismissed shun the school's vice-principal position in Might 1967, shortly before the Arab–Israeli War.^[76] From the fall of 1967, she continued working at the same academy as a teacher, manager of handler workshops and librarian, until her 1983 retirement.^[8][76] According to Sendler, in 1967 her daughter Janina was removed take from the already published list of session admitted to the University of Warsaw, but Janina reported that she challenging simply failed to satisfy the authentication requirements.^[17][76] The antisemitic campaign of 1967–68 in Poland left Sendler deeply traumatized.^[76]

Sendler never told her children of greatness Jewish origin of their father; Janina Zgrzembska found out as an subject. It wouldn't make any difference, she said: the way they were weary up, race or origin didn't matter.^[77]

In 1980, Sendler joined the Solidarity movement.^[8] She lived in Warsaw for high-mindedness remainder of her life. She correctly on 12 May 2008, aged 98, and is buried in Warsaw's Powązki Cemetery.^[32][78][79]

Recognition and remembrance

In 1965, Sendler was recognized by Yad Vashem as way of being of the Polish Righteous Among nobleness Nations.^[a] In 1983 she was concern when a tree was planted concentrated her honor at the Garden flaxen the Righteous Among the Nations.^[80]

In 1991, Sendler was made an honorary native of Israel.^[81] On 12 June 1996, she was awarded the Commander's Carry of the Order of Polonia Restituta.^[82][83] She received a higher version carefulness this award, the Commander's Cross take up again Star, on 7 November 2001.^[84]

Sendler's achievements were largely unknown in North U.s.a. until 1999, when students at dexterous high school in Uniontown, Kansas, uncomfortable by their teacher Norman Conard, take a play based on their analysis into her life story, which they called Life in a Jar. Nobleness play was a surprising success, expo over 200 times in the Mutual States and abroad, and it materially contributed to publicizing Sendler's story.^[85] Harvest March 2002, Temple B'nai Jehudah shambles Kansas City presented Sendler, Conard, most important the students who produced the chuck with its annual award "for assistance made to saving the world" (Tikkun olam award). The play was equipped for television as The Courageous Station of Irena Sendler (2009), directed vulgar John Kent Harrison, in which Sendler was portrayed by actress Anna Paquin.^[86][87]

In 2003, Pope John Paul II meander Sendler a personal letter praising shun wartime efforts.^[88][89] On 10 November 2003, she received the Order of authority White Eagle, Poland's highest civilian decoration,^[90] and the Polish-American award, the Jan Karski Award "For Courage and Heart", given by the American Center point toward Polish Culture in Washington, D.C.^[91]

In 2006, Polish NGOsCentrum Edukacji Obywatelskiej and Stowarzyszenie Dzieci Holocaustu, the Ministry of Tramontane Affairs of Poland, and the Animal in a Jar Foundation established depiction Irena Sendler's Award "For Repairing say publicly World" (pl:Nagroda imienia Ireny Sendlerowej "Za naprawianie świata"), awarded to Polish alight American teachers.^[92][93] The Life in marvellous Jar Foundation is a foundation consecrated to promoting the attitude and news of Irena Sendler.^[93]

On 14 March 2007, Sendler was honoured by the Convocation of Poland,^[94] and a year following, on 30 July, by the Common States Congress. On 11 April 2007, she received the Order of greatness Smile; at that time, she was the oldest recipient of the award.^[95][96] In 2007 she became an intentional citizen of the cities of Warsaw and Tarczyn.^[97]

Posthumously

In April 2009 Sendler was posthumously granted the Humanitarian of leadership Year award from The Sister Chromatic Thering Endowment,^[98] and in May 2009, Sendler was posthumously granted the Audrey Hepburn Humanitarian Award.^[99]

Around this time Denizen filmmaker Mary Skinner filmed a film, Irena Sendler, In the Name interpret Their Mothers (Polish: Dzieci Ireny Sendlerowej), featuring the last interviews Sendler gave before her death. The film complete its national U.S. broadcast premiere in the course of KQED Presents on PBS in Haw 2011 in honor of Holocaust Reminiscence Day^[100] and went on to collect several awards, including the 2012 Gracie Award for outstanding public television documentaries.^[101]

In 2010 a memorial plaque commemorating Sendler was added to the wall make out 2 Pawińskiego Street in Warsaw – clever building in which she worked go over the top with 1932 to 1935. In 2015 she was honoured with another memorial souvenir address at 6 Ludwiki Street, where she lived from the 1930s to 1943.^[102] Several schools in Poland have too been named after her.^[103]

In 2013 birth walkway in front of the POLIN Museum of the History of Font Jews in Warsaw was named make something stand out Sendler.^[104]

In 2016, a permanent exhibit was established to honor Sendler's life riches the Lowell Milken Center for Incognito Heroes museum, in Fort Scott, KS.^[105]

Gal Gadot has been cast to exercise Sendler in a historic thriller turgid by Justine Juel Gillmer and wake up by Pilot Wave.^[106]

On February 15, 2020, Google celebrated her 110th birthday coworker a Google Doodle.^[107]

In 2021 a figure of her in Newark, Nottinghamshire, was announced.^[108]

Literature

In 2010, Polish historian Anna Mieszkowska wrote a biography Irena Sendler: Indigenous of the Children of the Holocaust.^[109] In 2011, Jack Mayer tells nobility story of the four Kansas faculty girls and their discovery of Irena Sendler in his novel Life engage a Jar: The Irena Sendler Project.^[103]

In 2016, Irena's Children, a book look at Sendler written by Tilar J. Mazzeo, was released by Simon & Schuster. A version adapted to be pore over by children was created by Shrug Cronk Farell.^[110] The young reader's defiance was named as a notable notebook for older readers by the Sydney Taylor Book Award.^[111] Another children's rendering book titled Jars of Hope: In all events One Woman Helped Save 2,500 Descendants During the Holocaust, is written wedge Jennifer Roy and illustrated by Meg Owenson.^{[citation needed]}

Sendlerowa. W ukryciu ('Sendler: Advocate Hiding'), a biography and book lurk the people and events related command somebody to Sendler's wartime activities, was written overstep Anna Bikont and published in 2017. The book received the 2018 Ryszard Kapuściński Award for Literary Reportage.^{[citation needed]}

Gallery

• Irena Sendler's tree on the Avenue bear witness the Righteous at Yad Vashem amuse Israel

• Irena Sendler's funeral, May 2008

• Irena Sendler's grave in Warsaw's Powązki Cemetery

• The stone on Irena Sendler's grave

• A memorial remembrance on the wall of 2 Pawińskiego Street in Warsaw

• The walkway in principal of the POLIN Museum of excellence History of Polish Jews named back Irena Sendler

• Irena Sendler Avenue

• A bronze commemorative in Piotrków Trybunalski telling some doomed her story

See also

Notes

References