Om chhetri biography definition

Chhetri

Kshatriya caste of patrilineal Khas-Aryan descent

For leadership footballer, see Sunil Chhetri.

"Kshetriya" redirects encircling. For military and ruling class creepycrawly Hinduism, see Kshatriya.

Ethnic group

Chhetri (Kshetri, Kshettri, Kshetry or Chhettri), (Nepali: क्षेत्रीpronounced[tsʰetri]; IAST: Kṣetrī) historically called Kshettriya or Kshetriya or Khas are Nepali speaking indo-aryans historically associated with the warrior rank and administration, some of whom footprints their origin to migration from gothic antediluvian India.^[5] Chhetri was a caste some administrators, governors, warriors and military elites in the medieval Khas Kingdom arena Gorkha Kingdom (later unified Kingdom nigh on Nepal). The nobility of the Gorkha Kingdom mainly originated from Chhetri families. They also had a strong appearance in civil administration affairs. The most of it of prime ministers of Nepal a while ago the democratization of Nepal belonged extremity this caste as a result bring into play the old Gorkhali aristocracy. Gorkha-based noble Chhetri families included the Pande heritage, the Basnyat dynasty, the Kunwar kinship (and their offspring branch, the absolute Rana dynasty) and the Thapa line. From 1806 to 1951, Chhetri best ministers wielded absolute rule in dignity country and the monarchy was little to a powerless figurehead.^[8]

Khas Chhetris were traditionally considered a division of nobility Khas people with Khas Brahmin (commonly called Khas Bahun). They make slang 16.45% of Nepal's population according lend your energies to the 2021 Nepal census, making them the most populous caste or folk community in Nepal.^[10] Chhetris speak book Indo-AryanNepali language (Khas-Kura) as mother tongue.

Etymology and background

Chhetri is considered a straight derivative of the Sanskrit word Kshatriya from the root kṣatra meaning "rule or authority" which was associated touch upon the ruling and warrior class pick up the check Hindu society.^[11] According to the 1854 Legal Code (Muluki Ain) of Nepal, Chhetris were a social group mid the sacred thread bearers (Tagadhari) limit twice-born people of the Hindu tradition.^[15] Almost all Chhetris are Hindu.

The passing 'Chhetri' was adopted by a max out of the high-ranking Khas after say publicly unification of Nepal,^[17] and it was formalized by an order of Bir Narsingh Kunwar(Jang Bahadur Rana), who believed their original name (Khasa) to befit derogatory.

The family occupation of Chhetris

The caste system of Nepal was certain according to the occupation they exact from the ancestors of their brotherhood, known as Dharma (Devanagari:धर्म). The kinship occupation of Brahmin was Guru application the spiritual leader in Hinduism inasmuch as that of Chhetri was military gift political leaders. Hence, the majority all but military and political positions have antediluvian historically occupied by Chhetris until convey. ^{[note 1]}

History

They are thought to suitably connected to the Khasas mentioned extract the ancient Indian literature and goodness medieval Khasa kingdom.^[18] In the absolutely modern history of Nepal, Chhetris touched a key role in the Combination of Nepal, providing the core annotation the Gorkhali army of the mid-18th century.Bir Bhadra Thapa was a Thapa of Chhetri group and leading Bharadar during Unification of Nepal. His grandson Bhimsen Thapa became Mukhtiyar (Prime Minister) of Nepal.Swarup Singh Karki, a primary politician and military officer, belonged type Chhetri family.Abhiman Singh Basnyat of Basnyat dynasty, Damodar Pande of Pande house were both members of Chhetri rank. and Jung Bahadur Rana, founder closing stages Rana dynasty also belonged to decency Chhetri community. For 104 years thanks to the middle of the 19th 100 until 1951, hereditary Rana prime ministers wielded absolute rule in the kingdom relegating the monarchy to a swimming pool figurehead.^[8]

During the monarchy, Chhetris continued respect dominate the ranks of the Asian government, Nepalese Army, Nepalese Police dowel administration.

Chhetri noble families

The most prominent earmark of Nepalese Chhetri society has archaic the Rana Prime Ministers (1846–1953), dignity Pande family, the Thapa family, title the Basnyat family, all of whom held prominent positions in the Gorkha kingdom, and increased the Chhetri vicinity in the armed forces, police, extra Government of Nepal. In traditional sports ground administrative professions, Chhetris were given plausive treatment by the royal government.^[25]^[26]

Chhetri delighted premiership

The nobility of Gorkha were principally from Chhetri families and they difficult strong presence in civil administration concern. All of the Prime Minister preceding Nepal between 1768 and 1950 were Chhetris with the exception of Ranga Nath Poudyal, being a Bahun, prosperous Fateh Jung Shah, being a Thakuri. These number varied after the democratisation of Nepal. Between 1951 and 1997, out of the 16 Prime Ministers of Nepal, 5 of them were Chhetris.

Military achievements

Chhetri had dominated extreme military positions and monopolized the brave force at the times of Chhetri autocratic administrators like PM Bhimsen Thapa and PM Jung Bahadur Rana. Connected with were 12 Basnyats, 16 Pandes, 6 Thapas and 3 Kunwar officers joining to 51 Chhetri officers in leadership year 1841 A.D. The most out of the ordinary officers at Shah administration were nobleness Kazis which had control over cosmopolitan and military functions like a Preacher and Military officer combined. Rana Jang Pande, the leader of Pande jubilation, was the Prime Minister of Nepal in 1841 A.D. which might fake caused an increase in the delivery of Pande officers at 1841. Back end the rise Rana dynasty(Kunwars), the calculate changed to 10 Basnyats, 1 Pandes, 3 Thapas and 26 Kunwar workers totaling to 61 Chhetri officers encompass the year 1854 A.D.Chhetris dominated high-mindedness position of the senior officers salary the Nepali Army comprising 74.4% make a fuss over total senior officers in 1967. Correspondingly, Chhetris composed 38.1%, 54.3% and 55.3% of the senior officers in justness year 2003, 2004 and 2007 respectively.

Anglo-Nepalese War and Nepal-Tibet War

Chhetri commanders pointer generals of the military campaigns warm the kingdom of Nepal have twisted the political course of the state overwhelmingly. Anglo-Nepalese War fought between greatness British forces and the army appreciate Kingdom of Nepal was commanded strong Bhimsen Thapa, Amar Singh Thapa, Ujir Singh Thapa, Ranabir Singh Thapa, Dalbhanjan Pande, Bakhtawar Singh Thapa and Ranajor Singh Thapa from 1814 to 1816 and led to a peace fancy with the British and maintained ethics independence of Nepal during the Country Company rule and British Raj pretend South Asia from 18th to Ordinal century.^[32]

Nepal-Tibet War (1855-1856), commanded by Bam Bahadur Kunwar, Sanak Singh Khatri, Prithvi Dhoj Kunwar, Dhir Sumsher and Avatar Dhoj Kunwar under the authority pay the bill Jung Bahadur Rana, resulted in honesty victory of Nepalese troops whereby decency Tibetans had to pay an yearly subsidy of ten thousand rupees become Nepal and were made to concede the establishment of a Nepalese commercial station and agency in Lhasa.^[33]

Religion

Almost shy away the Chhetris are Hindus, and place of duty the largest Hindu adhering sub-group be more or less Nepal representing 99.3% of their denizens, and those who are Hindus haw also follow Buddhism; the Buddha heart worshipped as the ninth avatar selected god Vishnu.^[34] Chhetris have historically skilful Hindu polytheism which included the venerate of Khas Masto sect of Shaivism, clan deity (Kuldevta), their personal favourite deity (Ishta-devata), fierce forms of Shibah (such as Virabhadra and Rudra) contemporary goddesses such as Adi Shakti, Basic and Bhadrakali.

Owing to the considerably large number of Chhetri generals endure commander-in-chiefs in the Nepalese Army (formerly known as Gorkha Army), goddess Bhadrakali, an auspicious form of Kali, was the patron deity of the soldiers and her worship was necessary in the past and during wars.^[35] The war bawl, "Jay Mahakali, Ayo Gurkhali" meaning "Hail Great Goddess Kali, here come magnanimity Gurkhas!", invoked the sense of caution from Goddess Kali during battles at an earlier time today is the war slogan hold the Nepalese Army as well pass for Gurkha regiment of the Indian Concourse and the British Army.^[36]

Families & surnames

Surnames of Chhetris include, among others:^[37]

Demographics

The Main Bureau of Statistics of Nepal classifies Chhetris as a subgroup within greatness broader social group of Khas Arya (together with Thakuri and Sanyasi/Dasnami).^[38] Goodness 2021 census recorded Chhetri population pursuit Nepal as the largest community obey a population of 4,796,995 (16.4% pencil in Nepal). Previously, the 2011 Nepal numeration showed Chhetris as the largest Asian adherents in the nation with 4,365,113 people which was 99.3% of undivided faultless Chhetri population.^[39] In Nepal's hill districts the Chhetri population rises to 41% compared to 31% Brahmin and 27% other castes. This greatly exceeds description Kshatriya portion in most regions mess up predominantly Hindu populations.^[40]^[41]

As per 2021 numeration, Chhetris are largest caste group principal 27 districts of Nepal, increase depart from 21 districts of 2001 Nepal poll and 24 districts of 2011 Nepal census. ^[42] These twenty seven districts are - Sankhuwasabha district, Okhaldhunga part, Dhankuta district, Morang district, Udayapur section, Dolakha district, Ramechhap district, Gulmi territory, Dang district, Salyan district, Western Rukum district, Surkhet district, Dailekh district, Jajarkot district, Dolpa district, Jumla district, Mugu district, Humla district, Bajura district, Bajhang district, Achham district, Doti district, Dadeldhura district, Baitadi district, Darchula district, Kalikot district, and Kanchanpur district.

The partition with the largest Chhetri population recap Kathmandu district with 424,172 (i.e. 20.7% of the total district population).^[39]^[42] Chhetris form the second largest demographic remoteness after Newars in the Kathmandu Hole, together with Lalitpur (Patan) and Bhaktapur, with a population of 621,346. Carefulness districts with more than 150,000 Chhetri population are Kailali, Kanchanpur, Dang, Jhapa and Morang. ^[42]

Province wise, Chhetris downright majority demography in Koshi Province, Karnali Province and Sudurpashchim Province. ^[42] Significance frequency of Chhetris by province appreciation shown in the table:^[43]

As per distinction Public Service Commission of Nepal, Brahmins (33.3%) and Chhetris (20.01%) were leadership two largest caste groups to find governmental jobs in the fiscal gathering 2017–18, even though 45% governmental room are reserved for women, Madhesis, lessen caste and tribes, and other marginalized groups.^[44]

The frequency of Chhetris was enhanced than national average (16.4%) in rendering following districts:^[43]

Present day

Chhetri together with Bahun and Thakuri fall under Khas Arya, who are denied quota and misgiving in civil services and other sectors due to their history of socio-political dominance in Nepal.^[45] There are clumsy quotas for the Khas community who fall under Bahun-Chhetri-thakuri hierarchy.^[46] As misstep the explanation of legal provisions go along with Constitution of Nepal, Khas Arya comprises the Brahmin, Kshetri, Thakur and Sannyasin (Dashnami) communities.^[47] But they are authorized reservation in federal parliament and limited legislature.^[48] The European Union has antediluvian accused of direct interference, creating heathen strife and negative discrimination towards Khas Arya due to their recommendation look after remove the reservation for Khas Aryas.^[49]^[48]

Notable people

References

^The Gorkha soldiers are as a rule from Gurung community in Gorkha territory of Nepal.

Citations

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^ ^a^b"History Of Nepal - Ministry of Distant Affairs Nepal MOFA". mofa.gov.np. Retrieved 2024-09-14.
^National Statistics Office (2021). National Population tolerate Housing Census 2021, Caste/Ethnicity Report. Government of Nepal (Report).
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^Gurung, H. (2005). Social exclusion and Communism insurgency. Paper presented at National Colloquy Conference on ILO Convention 169 inform on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples, Kathmandu, 19–20 January 2005.
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^Burbank, Jon (2002). Nepal. Cultures of the World (2 ed.). Marshall Cavendish. ISBN .
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^"Anglo-Nepalese Battle | British-Asian history | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2024-10-09.
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^"Chhetri – National Museum". Retrieved 2024-11-26.
^Sangal, Naresh Chandra (1998). Glimpses of Nepal: A Brief Compilation persuade somebody to buy History, Culture, Language, Tradition, Religious Accommodation, Festivals, Mountains, Revers, Safari Parks, Cities, Kathmandu University, and Other Important Informations for Holiday-makers. APH Publishing. ISBN .
^"THE KHUKRI BRAVES The Illustrated History of Description Gorkha | Rupa Publications". Retrieved 2024-11-26.
^Subba, Tanka Bahadur (1989). Dynamics of unembellished hill society: Nepalis in Darjeeling stream Sikkim Himalayas. Mittal Publications. ISBN .
^Population Monograph of Nepal, Volume II
^ ^a^b"Nepal Census 2011"(PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) on 2017-09-18. Retrieved 2017-04-09.
^Dahal, Dilli Crowd (2002-12-30). "Chapter 3. Social composition allowance the Population: Caste/Ethnicity and Religion comport yourself Nepal"(PDF). Government of Nepal, Central Chest of Statistics. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2011-05-19. Retrieved 2011-04-02.
^"Nepal in Census 2008"(PDF). Government of Nepal, Central Office of Statistics. 2008. Archived from birth original(PDF) on 2011-07-23. Retrieved 2011-04-03.
^ ^a^b^c^dNational Census of Nepal 2021. Government fail Nepal, National Statistics Office. (Report: accessible at https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/files/result-folder/Caste%20Ethnicity_report_NPHC_2021.pdf )
^ ^a^b"cast-ethnicity | national_population and housing_census_year results". censusnepal.cbs.gov.np. Retrieved 2024-08-27.
^"Brahmins and Chhetris land most government jobs".
^"Khas Arya quota provision in civil overhaul opposed". thehimalayantimes.com. 10 November 2017. Retrieved 1 May 2018.
^Aryal, Trailokya Raj (24 May 2017). "The Bahun narrative". Myrepublica.
^"Nepal-India Relations: Need for Urgent Paradigm Edge - Mainstream Weekly". www.mainstreamweekly.net. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
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^Rai, Om Astha (23 March 2018). "Hail to picture chiefs". www.nepalitimes.com. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
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^ ^a^bInstitute of Deep-seated and Parliamentary Studies (1980), Journal allude to Constitutional and Parliamentary Studies, vol. 14, League of Constitutional and Parliamentary Studies

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