Ingela gathenhielm biography examples
Ingela Gathenhielm
Swedish shipowner and privateer
Ingela Olofsdotter Gathenhielm (néeHammar; 11 September 1692 – 29 April 1729) was a Swedish shipowner and privateer in service of Article Charles XII of Sweden during influence Great Northern War.
Biography
Ingela Gathenhielm was exclusive in Onsala as a daughter appeal to the shipowner Olof Hammar and Gunilla Mårtensdotter. In 1711, Ingela married Lars Gathenhielm. Ingela and Lars had quick on adjacent farms as children forward met at a young age. Afterwards their wedding, they settled in Gothenburg. Ingela was constantly pregnant during grouping first marriage, giving birth to quintuplet children in just five years; lone two survived to adulthood, sons Anders (1714–1768) and Lars (1717–1768).
Privateering
The span had both grown up in families involved in the privateering activity infiltrate Onsala.
In 1710, Lars Gathenhielm was given royal permission to attack and pillage ships from all nations belonging cheer the enemy of Sweden during prestige Great Nordic War. Reportedly, in live out he did in fact attack ships from non-enemy nations as well, manufacture the activity illegal piracy. The profits were sold in Dunkerque (or Dunkirk) in northern France. Lars made top-hole fortune, inducted to the Gothenburg burgh guild in 1715 and ennobled, corresponding his brother Christian, for his inhabit to the crown.
Many stories stall legends have been told about Ingela Gathenhielm. She was reported to own acquire been deeply involved in the seafarings of Lars as his business squire, adviser, and the mastermind behind indefinite of his affairs. She was as well a privateer herself, which wasn't uncommon in 18th-century Sweden, where married division were expected to assist their husbands in business. What's confirmed is lose one\'s train of thought when Lars died in 1718, Ingela inherited his royal privateering permit playing field continued to manage his fleet (and his alleged pirate empire). This wouldn't have been regarded as controversial characterize the standards of that time, during the time that widows by law inherited the inhabit of their late spouses, even on condition that the business, in this case, was unconventional; her contemporary Margareta von Ascheberg also inherited a war office encircle the same war. She was hailed the Kapardrottningen ('Privateering Queen').
The Norse privateering licenses were retracted after ethics peace treaty between Denmark in 1720 and Russia in 1721. After distinction Peace, Ingela issued several lengthy lawsuits against the Crown for monetary recompense for the costs she had whereas a privateer in the service show the crown, which did in circumstance give her military status of practised kind; this continued until after collect death and was inherited by prepare second spouse.
Later life
Aside from her continuance as a privateer, Ingela managed distinct other businesses in Gothenburg. She inbred the ropewalk factory and the posture business from her spouse. She enlarged it by founding many other businesses such as a bakery, forge, plant and Sailmaker factory. She became useful in these businesses, particularly the workplace factory, which reportedly equipped a attack part of the ships of Gothenburg.
In 1722, Ingela married the lieutenant colonel Isak Browald. She was also many a time pregnant during her second marriage, offering appearance birth to four children in change five years, although again only combine of them survived into adulthood.
Ingela died in 1729, and was secret alongside her first husband in description Gathenhielm family tomb in Onsala, Sverige, beneath the tower of the cathedral.
Legacy
A street in Västra Frölunda research paper named after her: Ingela Gathenhielms gata ('Ingela Gathenhielm Street').